Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm TPU

TPU yog polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, uas yog ib tug multiphase thaiv copolymer muaj li ntawm diisocyanates, polyols, thiab saw extenders. Raws li kev ua haujlwm siab elastomer, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv qab cov lus qhia thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam, xws li cov ntaub ntawv khau, hoses, cables, khoom siv kho mob, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, lub ntsiab TPU raw khoom tuam ntxhab suav nrog BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov lag luam hauv tsev, TPU kev lag luam tam sim no muaj kev sib tw heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv high-end daim ntawv thov teb, nws tseem cia siab rau imports, uas kuj yog ib qho chaw uas Tuam Tshoj yuav tsum tau mus cuag breakthroughs nyob rau hauv. Cia peb tham txog lub yav tom ntej kev lag luam prospects ntawm TPU cov khoom.

1. Supercritical foaming E-TPU

Hauv xyoo 2012, Adidas thiab BASF tau koom tes tsim cov khau khiav lag luam EnergyBoost, uas siv foamed TPU (lub npe lag luam infinergy) ua cov khoom siv midsole. Vim yog kev siv polyether TPU nrog Shore A hardness ntawm 80-85 raws li lub substrate, piv rau EVA midsoles, foamed TPU midsoles tseem tuaj yeem tuav tau zoo elasticity thiab softness nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qis dua 0 ℃, uas txhim kho hnav kev nplij siab thiab dav pom nyob rau hauv lub khw.
2. Fiber reinforced hloov TPU cov khoom sib xyaw

TPU muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev siv, siab elastic modulus thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj heev yuav tsum tau. Kev hloov kho iav fiber ntau yog cov txheej txheem siv los ua kom cov elastic modulus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev hloov kho, cov ntaub ntawv thermoplastic composite nrog ntau yam zoo xws li siab elastic modulus, zoo rwb thaiv tsev, muaj zog tshav kub tsis kam, zoo elastic rov ua haujlwm, zoo corrosion kuj, cuam tshuam tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj coefficient ntawm expansion, thiab seem stability yuav tau.

BASF tau tshaj tawm cov thev naus laus zis rau kev npaj siab modulus fiberglass reinforced TPU siv iav luv fibers hauv nws patent. Ib TPU nrog Shore D hardness ntawm 83 tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), MDI, thiab 1,4-butanediol (BDO) nrog 1,3-propanediol ua raw khoom. Qhov TPU no tau sib xyaw nrog iav fiber ntau hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 52: 48 kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov qauv elastic ntawm 18.3 GPa thiab lub zog tensile ntawm 244 MPa.

Ntxiv rau cov iav fiber ntau, kuj tseem muaj cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov khoom siv carbon fiber ntau TPU, xws li Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber / TPU composite board, uas muaj elastic modulus txog li 100GPa thiab qis dua cov hlau.
3. Halogen dawb nplaim retardant TPU

TPU muaj lub zog siab, siab tawv, zoo heev hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau cov xov hlau thiab cables. Tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov teb xws li them chaw nres tsheb, ntau dua nplaim retardancy yuav tsum tau. Feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov nplaim retardant kev ua tau zoo ntawm TPU. Ib qho yog reactive nplaim taws retardant kev hloov kho, uas koom nrog kev qhia cov nplaim retardant cov ntaub ntawv xws li polyols los yog isocyanates uas muaj phosphorus, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam khoom rau hauv synthesis ntawm TPU los ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj; Qhov thib ob yog kev hloov kho cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv, uas suav nrog kev siv TPU ua lub substrate thiab ntxiv cov nplaim hluav taws kub rau kev sib tov.

Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv tus qauv ntawm TPU, tab sis thaum tus nqi ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv yog qhov loj, lub zog ntawm TPU txo qis, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab ntxiv me me tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov nplaim hluav taws kub. Tam sim no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam muaj hluav taws kub retardant uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm cov chaw them nqi.

Yav dhau los Bayer MaterialScience (tam sim no Kostron) ib zaug qhia txog cov organic phosphorus uas muaj polyol (IHPO) raws li phosphine oxide nyob rau hauv patent. Lub polyether TPU synthesized los ntawm IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, thiab BDO exhibits zoo heev nplaim retardancy thiab txhua yam khoom. Cov txheej txheem extrusion yog du, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yog du.

Ntxiv halogen-dawb nplaim retardants yog tam sim no feem ntau siv txoj kev rau kev npaj halogen-dawb nplaim retardant TPU. Feem ntau, phosphorus raws li, nitrogen raws, silicon raws li, boron raws nplaim hluav taws xob yog compounded los yog hlau hydroxides yog siv raws li nplaim taws retardants. Vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nplaim taws ntawm TPU, cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ntim ntau dua 30% feem ntau yuav tsum tau tsim cov nplaim hluav taws kub retardant txheej thaum combustion. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv yog qhov loj, cov nplaim hluav taws xob tsis sib xws hauv TPU substrate, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob TPU tsis zoo tagnrho, uas tseem txwv nws daim ntawv thov thiab nce qib hauv thaj chaw xws li hoses, films. , thiab kab.

BASF's patent qhia txog cov nplaim hluav taws kub-retardant TPU thev naus laus zis, uas sib xyaw melamine polyphosphate thiab phosphorus uas muaj cov derivative ntawm phosphinic acid li nplaim hluav taws retardants nrog TPU nrog qhov hnyav nruab nrab molecular hnyav dua 150kDa. Nws tau pom tias cov nplaim hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau zoo dua qub thaum ua tiav lub zog tensile siab.

Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, BASF's patent qhia txog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev masterbatch uas muaj isocyanates. Ntxiv 2% ntawm hom masterbatch no rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas ua tau raws li UL94V-0 nplaim retardant yuav ua rau kom lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom los ntawm 35MPa mus rau 40MPa thaum tuav V-0 nplaim retardant kev ua tau zoo.

Txhawm rau txhim kho lub tshav kub aging kuj ntawm nplaim hluav taws-retardant TPU, patent ntawmLinghua New Materials Companykuj qhia txog ib txoj kev siv cov hlau hydroxides nto coated raws li nplaim hluav taws. Txhawm rau txhim kho hydrolysis tsis kam ntawm nplaim hluav taws-retardant TPU,Linghua New Materials Companyqhia hlau carbonate raws li kev ntxiv melamine nplaim retardant nyob rau hauv lwm daim ntawv thov patent.

4. TPU rau automotive xim tiv thaiv zaj duab xis

Lub tsheb pleev xim tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv uas cais cov xim pleev xim rau saum huab cua tom qab kev teeb tsa, tiv thaiv cov kua qaub los nag, oxidation, khawb, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntev rau cov xim pleev xim. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub tsheb xim ntog tom qab kev teeb tsa. Cov xim tiv thaiv zaj duab xis feem ntau muaj peb txheej, nrog rau nws tus kheej-kho txheej rau saum npoo, ib zaj duab xis polymer nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab acrylic siab-rhiab nplaum nplaum rau hauv qab txheej. TPU yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer nruab nrab.

Cov kev ua tau zoo rau TPU siv rau hauv cov xim tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yog raws li nram no: khawb tsis kam, siab transparency (lub teeb transmittance> 95%), tsis tshua muaj kub yooj, kub-resistant, tensile zog> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, thiab ntug dej hiav txwv A hardness ntau ntawm 87-93; Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog huab cua tsis kam, uas suav nrog kev tiv thaiv UV kev laus, thermal oxidative degradation, thiab hydrolysis.

Tam sim no cov khoom lag luam paub tab yog aliphatic TPU npaj los ntawm dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) thiab polycaprolactone diol ua raw khoom. Ordinary aromatic TPU pom pom daj tom qab ib hnub ntawm UV irradiation, thaum aliphatic TPU siv rau lub tsheb qhwv zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tuav nws cov xim daj tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tib yam.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU muaj qhov sib npaug ntau dua piv rau polyether thiab polyester TPU. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov kua muag zoo heev ntawm polyester TPU zoo tib yam, thaum ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj qhia tau zoo heev tsis tshua muaj compression mus tas li deformation thiab siab rov ua haujlwm ntawm polyether TPU, yog li tau siv dav hauv kev ua lag luam.

Vim muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab kev lag luam segmentation, nrog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej thiab cov nplaum nplaum hloov lub peev xwm, kuj tseem muaj lub caij nyoog rau polyether lossis zoo tib yam polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU siv rau cov xim tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yav tom ntej.

5. Biobased TPU

Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj bio-based TPU yog qhia txog biobased monomers lossis intermediates thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem polymerization, xws li biobased isocyanates (xws li MDI, PDI), biobased polyols, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, biobased isocyanates kuj tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv kev lag luam, thaum biobased polyols ntau dua.

Hais txog bio-based isocyanates, thaum ntxov li 2000, BASF, Covestro, thiab lwm tus tau nqis peev ntau rau hauv kev tshawb fawb PDI, thiab thawj cov khoom ntawm PDI tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical tau tsim 100% bio raws li TPU cov khoom siv bio raws PDI ua los ntawm pob kws stover.

Hais txog biobased polyols, nws suav nrog biobased polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), biobased 1,4-butanediol (BDO), biobased 1,3-propanediol (PDO), biobased polyester polyols, biobased polyether polyols, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab TPU tau tsim cov khoom siv raws li TPU, uas nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog piv rau cov tshuaj petrochemical raws li TPU. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov bio-based TPUs yog nyob rau theem ntawm bio-based cov ntsiab lus, feem ntau yog li ntawm 30% mus rau 40%, nrog qee qhov ua tiav qib siab dua. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos petrochemical raws li TPU, bio-based TPU muaj qhov zoo xws li txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide, kev rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw, ntsuab ntau lawm, thiab kev txuag cov peev txheej. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, thiabLinghua Cov ntaub ntawv tshiabtau tsim lawv cov bio raws li TPU hom, thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab kev ruaj khov kuj yog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau TPU kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.