Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm TPU

TPU yog ib qho polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, uas yog ib qho multiphase block copolymer uas muaj diisocyanates, polyols, thiab saw extenders. Ua ib qho elastomer ua tau zoo, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom siv thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom siv kis las, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam teb, xws li cov khoom siv khau, cov kav dej, cov xov hlau, cov khoom siv kho mob, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom siv TPU tseem ceeb suav nrog BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev tsim qauv thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv tsev, kev lag luam TPU tam sim no muaj kev sib tw heev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv daim ntawv thov siab, nws tseem vam khom kev xa khoom tuaj, uas kuj yog thaj chaw uas Tuam Tshoj xav tau kev ua tiav. Cia peb tham txog kev cia siab rau kev ua lag luam yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom TPU.

1. Supercritical foaming E-TPU

Xyoo 2012, Adidas thiab BASF tau koom tes tsim lub npe khau khiav EnergyBoost, uas siv TPU ua npuas ncauj (lub npe lag luam infinergy) ua cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab. Vim yog siv polyether TPU nrog Shore A hardness ntawm 80-85 ua lub substrate, piv rau EVA midsoles, foamed TPU midsoles tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov elasticity zoo thiab mos mos hauv qhov chaw qis dua 0 ℃, uas txhim kho kev xis nyob hnav thiab tau lees paub dav hauv kev ua lag luam.
2. Cov khoom siv TPU sib xyaw ua los ntawm fiber ntau uas hloov kho dua tshiab

TPU muaj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam zoo, tab sis qee qhov kev siv, xav tau cov modulus elastic siab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tawv heev. Kev hloov kho fiber ntau iav yog ib txoj kev siv ntau los ua kom cov modulus elastic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev hloov kho, cov ntaub ntawv thermoplastic composite nrog ntau qhov zoo xws li cov modulus elastic siab, rwb thaiv tsev zoo, tiv taus cua sov muaj zog, ua haujlwm rov qab elastic zoo, tiv taus corrosion zoo, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev tuaj yeem tau txais.

BASF tau qhia txog thev naus laus zis los npaj TPU uas muaj fiberglass modulus siab siv cov iav luv luv hauv nws daim ntawv pov thawj. TPU nrog Shore D hardness ntawm 83 tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), MDI, thiab 1,4-butanediol (BDO) nrog 1,3-propanediol ua cov khoom siv raw. TPU no tau sib xyaw nrog iav fiber hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 52:48 kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov modulus elastic ntawm 18.3 GPa thiab lub zog tensile ntawm 244 MPa.

Ntxiv rau cov iav fiber, kuj muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom siv carbon fiber composite TPU, xws li Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, uas muaj cov elastic modulus txog li 100GPa thiab qhov ceev qis dua li cov hlau.
3. TPU uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub halogen

TPU muaj lub zog siab, tawv heev, tiv taus kev hnav zoo heev thiab lwm yam khoom, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv sheath zoo heev rau cov xov hlau thiab cov cables. Tab sis hauv cov teb thov xws li chaw them hluav taws xob, xav tau hluav taws kub dua. Feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws kub ntawm TPU. Ib qho yog kev hloov kho hluav taws kub reactive, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws kub xws li polyols lossis isocyanates uas muaj phosphorus, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam khoom rau hauv kev tsim cov TPU los ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg; Qhov thib ob yog kev hloov kho hluav taws kub ntxiv, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv TPU ua lub substrate thiab ntxiv cov hluav taws kub retardants rau kev sib tov yaj.

Kev hloov kho reactive tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov qauv ntawm TPU, tab sis thaum cov khoom ntxiv hluav taws kub ntau, lub zog ntawm TPU txo qis, kev ua haujlwm poob qis, thiab ntxiv me me tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qib hluav taws kub xav tau. Tam sim no, tsis muaj cov khoom hluav taws kub siab muaj nyob hauv khw uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm chaw them nqi.

Yav tas los Bayer MaterialScience (tam sim no Kostron) ib zaug tau qhia txog cov organic phosphorus uas muaj polyol (IHPO) raws li phosphine oxide hauv daim ntawv pov thawj patent. Cov polyether TPU synthesized los ntawm IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, thiab BDO qhia txog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo heev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov txheej txheem extrusion yog du, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yog du.

Tam sim no, kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas tsis muaj halogen yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los npaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws TPU uas tsis muaj halogen. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas muaj phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, boron yog cov sib xyaw ua ke lossis cov hlau hydroxide yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tua hluav taws. Vim yog qhov yooj yim hlawv ntawm TPU, feem ntau yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ntau dua 30% los tsim cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm hlawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ntxiv ntau, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws yuav tsis sib npaug hauv TPU substrate, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws TPU tsis zoo tag nrho, uas kuj txwv nws daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv cov teb xws li cov kav dej, cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab cov xov hlau.

Daim ntawv pov thawj patent ntawm BASF qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis TPU uas tiv taus hluav taws, uas sib xyaw melamine polyphosphate thiab phosphorus uas muaj cov phosphinic acid ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws nrog TPU nrog qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm molecular ntau dua 150kDa. Nws tau pom tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hluav taws tau zoo dua thaum ua tiav lub zog tensile siab.

Yuav kom txhim kho lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom, BASF daim ntawv pov thawj qhia txog txoj kev los npaj cov tshuaj masterbatch uas muaj isocyanates. Ntxiv 2% ntawm hom masterbatch no rau hauv cov khoom uas ua tau raws li UL94V-0 cov kev cai tiv thaiv hluav taws tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom los ntawm 35MPa mus rau 40MPa thaum tswj hwm V-0 hluav taws kub retardant kev ua tau zoo.

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias tiv taus ntawm TPU nplaim taws-retardant, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawmTuam Txhab Khoom Siv Tshiab Linghuakuj qhia txog txoj kev siv cov hlau hydroxides uas tau coated saum npoo ua cov nplaim taws retardants. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov hydrolysis tsis kam ntawm nplaim taws-retardant TPU,Tuam Txhab Khoom Siv Tshiab Linghuatau qhia txog hlau carbonate raws li kev ntxiv melamine nplaim taws retardant hauv lwm daim ntawv thov patent.

4. TPU rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv xim tsheb

Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv xim tsheb yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv uas cais cov xim pleev ntawm huab cua tom qab kev teeb tsa, tiv thaiv cov kua qaub nag, oxidation, khawb, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntev rau cov xim pleev. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv cov xim pleev ntawm lub tsheb tom qab kev teeb tsa. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv xim feem ntau muaj peb txheej, nrog rau cov txheej txheem kho tus kheej ntawm qhov chaw, cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer hauv nruab nrab, thiab cov nplaum acrylic siab rau ntawm txheej hauv qab. TPU yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer nruab nrab.

Cov kev cai ua tau zoo rau TPU siv rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv xim yog raws li nram no: kev tiv thaiv khawb, pob tshab siab (kev xa hluav taws xob> 95%), kev hloov pauv kub qis, kev tiv thaiv kub siab, lub zog tensile> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, thiab Shore A hardness ntau ntawm 87-93; Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog kev tiv thaiv huab cua, uas suav nrog kev tiv thaiv UV laus, thermal oxidative degradation, thiab hydrolysis.

Cov khoom lag luam uas tam sim no paub tab yog aliphatic TPU uas tau npaj los ntawm dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) thiab polycaprolactone diol ua cov khoom siv raw. TPU uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab zoo li pom tseeb hloov daj tom qab ib hnub ntawm UV irradiation, thaum aliphatic TPU siv rau zaj duab xis qhwv tsheb tuaj yeem tswj nws cov coefficient daj yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tib qho xwm txheej.
Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU muaj kev ua tau zoo dua piv rau polyether thiab polyester TPU. Ntawm ib sab tes, nws tuaj yeem ua kom pom kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ntawm polyester TPU ib txwm muaj, thaum ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj ua kom pom kev zoo heev ntawm kev sib zog qis qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm polyether TPU, yog li ntawd tau siv dav hauv kev ua lag luam.

Vim muaj ntau yam kev xav tau rau cov khoom lag luam uas tsim nyog tom qab kev faib ua lag luam, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej saum npoo thiab cov kua nplaum uas hloov kho tau, kuj tseem muaj lub sijhawm rau polyether lossis polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU siv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv xim yav tom ntej.

5. TPU uas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv bio-based

Txoj kev siv dav dav rau kev npaj cov khoom siv bio-based TPU yog los qhia cov khoom siv bio-based monomers lossis cov khoom siv nruab nrab thaum lub sijhawm polymerization, xws li cov khoom siv bio-based isocyanates (xws li MDI, PDI), cov khoom siv bio-based polyols, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv bio-based isocyanates tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv kev ua lag luam, thaum cov khoom siv bio-based polyols muaj ntau dua.

Hais txog cov isocyanates bio-based, txij li xyoo 2000, BASF, Covestro, thiab lwm tus tau nqis peev ntau rau hauv kev tshawb fawb PDI, thiab thawj pawg ntawm cov khoom PDI tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv xyoo 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical tau tsim 100% bio-based TPU cov khoom siv bio-based PDI ua los ntawm pob kws stover.

Hais txog cov bio-based polyols, nws suav nrog bio-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio-based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio-based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio-based polyester polyols, bio-based polyether polyols, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tsim TPU tau tsim cov khoom siv bio-based TPU, uas nws cov kev ua tau zoo sib xws li cov khoom siv roj av ib txwm muaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv bio-based TPU no yog nyob rau theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus bio-based, feem ntau yog li ntawm 30% txog 40%, nrog rau qee qhov txawm tias ua tiav cov theem siab dua. Piv rau cov khoom siv roj av ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv bio-based TPU muaj cov txiaj ntsig xws li txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide, kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim khoom ntsuab, thiab kev txuag cov peev txheej. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, thiabLinghua Cov ntaub ntawv tshiabtau tsim lawv cov hom TPU uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv bio, thiab kev txo cov pa roj carbon thiab kev ruaj khov kuj yog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho TPU yav tom ntej.