Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog dab tsi?

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog dab tsi?

Polyurethane elastomer yog ntau yam khoom siv polyurethane synthetic (lwm hom yog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, polyurethane nplaum, polyurethane txheej thiab polyurethane fiber), thiab Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog ib qho ntawm peb hom polyurethane elastomer, Tib neeg feem ntau hu nws ua TPU (lwm ob hom polyurethane elastomers loj yog cam khwb cia polyurethane elastomers, luv li CPU, thiab sib xyaw polyurethane elastomers, luv li MPU).

TPU yog ib hom polyurethane elastomer uas tuaj yeem ua kom yas los ntawm cua sov thiab yaj los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Piv nrog CPU thiab MPU, TPU muaj me ntsis lossis tsis muaj kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj. Nws cov saw molecular yog linear, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev sib txuas lub cev. Qhov no yog Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer uas muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo heev hauv cov qauv.

Cov qauv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog ib qho polymer linear (AB) block. A sawv cev rau polymer polyol (ester lossis polyether, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 1000 ~ 6000) nrog qhov hnyav molecular siab, hu ua saw ntev; B sawv cev rau diol uas muaj 2-12 cov carbon atoms ncaj, hu ua saw luv.

Hauv cov qauv ntawm Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ntu A hu ua ntu mos, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab mos, ua rau TPU muaj kev nthuav dav; Cov saw hlau urethane tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ntu B thiab isocyanate hu ua ntu nyuaj, uas muaj ob qho tib si khov kho thiab cov khoom tawv. Los ntawm kev kho qhov piv ntawm ntu A thiab B, cov khoom TPU nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tau ua.

Raws li cov qauv ntu mos, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom polyester, hom polyether, thiab hom butadiene, uas feem ntau muaj pawg ester, pawg ether, lossis pawg butene. Raws li cov qauv ntu nyuaj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom urethane thiab hom urethane urea, uas tau txais los ntawm ethylene glycol saw extenders lossis diamine saw extenders. Kev faib tawm dav dav yog muab faib ua hom polyester thiab hom polyether.

Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau TPU synthesis yog dab tsi?

(1) Polymer Diol

Macromolecular diol nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 500 txog 4000 thiab bifunctional pawg, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 50% txog 80% hauv TPU elastomer, ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm TPU.

Cov polymer Diol uas tsim nyog rau TPU elastomer tuaj yeem muab faib ua polyester thiab polyether: polyester suav nrog polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers suav nrog polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), thiab lwm yam.

(2) Diisocyanate

Qhov hnyav molecular me me tab sis nws txoj haujlwm zoo heev, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm txuas cov ntu mos thiab cov ntu nyuaj xwb, tab sis kuj muab TPU nrog ntau yam khoom siv lub cev thiab lub cev zoo. Cov diisocyanates siv tau rau TPU yog: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), thiab lwm yam.

(3) Lub tshuab txuas saw hlau

Cov saw hlau txuas nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 100 ~ 350, koom nrog Diol molecular me me, qhov hnyav molecular me me, cov qauv saw hlau qhib thiab tsis muaj pawg hloov pauv yog qhov ua rau tau txais qhov nyuaj siab thiab qhov hnyav scalar siab ntawm TPU. Cov saw hlau txuas uas tsim nyog rau TPU suav nrog 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), thiab lwm yam.

Kev Hloov Kho Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm TPU ua Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Toughening

Yuav kom txo tau cov nqi khoom thiab tau txais kev ua tau zoo ntxiv, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers tuaj yeem siv ua cov neeg sawv cev toughening uas feem ntau siv los ua kom ntau yam thermoplastic thiab cov roj hmab hloov kho kom tawv.

Vim nws muaj polarity siab, polyurethane tuaj yeem sib xws nrog cov polar resins lossis roj hmab, xws li chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom kho mob; Kev sib xyaw nrog ABS tuaj yeem hloov cov thermoplastics engineering rau kev siv; Thaum siv ua ke nrog polycarbonate (PC), nws muaj cov khoom xws li roj tsis kam, roj tsis kam, thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua lub cev tsheb; Thaum ua ke nrog polyester, nws lub zog tuaj yeem txhim kho; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem sib xws nrog PVC, Polyoxymethylene lossis PVDC; Polyester polyurethane tuaj yeem sib xws nrog 15% Nitrile roj hmab lossis 40% nitrile roj hmab / PVC sib xyaw; Polyether polyurethane kuj tuaj yeem sib xws nrog 40% nitrile roj hmab / polyvinyl chloride sib xyaw nplaum; Nws kuj tuaj yeem sib xws nrog acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv interpenetrating network (IPN) nrog cov polysiloxanes reactive. Feem ntau ntawm cov nplaum sib xyaw saum toj no twb tau tsim tawm lawm.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv txog kev ua kom POM tawv los ntawm TPU hauv Suav teb. Kev sib xyaw ntawm TPU thiab POM tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm TPU, tab sis kuj ua rau POM tawv heev. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia tias hauv kev sim tawg tensile, piv rau POM matrix, POM alloy nrog TPU tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev tawg brittle mus rau kev tawg ductile. Kev ntxiv ntawm TPU kuj muab POM nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cim xeeb. Thaj chaw crystalline ntawm POM ua haujlwm ua theem ruaj khov ntawm lub cim xeeb alloy, thaum thaj chaw amorphous ntawm amorphous TPU thiab POM ua haujlwm ua theem rov qab tau. Thaum qhov kub teb rov qab yog 165 ℃ thiab lub sijhawm rov qab yog 120 vib nas this, tus nqi rov qab ntawm cov hlau ncav cuag ntau dua 95%, thiab cov txiaj ntsig rov qab zoo tshaj plaws.

TPU nyuaj rau sib xws nrog cov khoom siv polymer uas tsis yog polar xws li polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene roj hmab, butadiene roj hmab, isoprene roj hmab lossis cov hmoov roj hmab pov tseg, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kev ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw xws li plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, nplaim taws lossis cov roj reactive feem ntau siv rau qhov kawg. Piv txwv li, American Air Products and Chemicals Company tau ua tiav F2/O2 cov roj nquag kho qhov chaw ntawm cov hmoov polyethylene zoo heev nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 3-5 lab, thiab ntxiv nws rau polyurethane elastomer ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 10%, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov Flexural modulus, tensile zog thiab hnav tsis kam. Thiab F2/O2 cov roj nquag kho qhov chaw kuj tuaj yeem siv rau cov xov luv luv uas ntev li ntawm 6-35 hli, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv thiab tearing toughness ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.

Cov cheeb tsam twg ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm TPU?

Xyoo 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (tam sim no hloov npe hu ua Lubrizol) tau sau npe rau TPU hom Estane thawj zaug. Tau 40 xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau tshaj 20 lub npe lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, thiab txhua hom muaj ntau yam khoom. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom siv TPU tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb yog: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, thiab lwm yam.

Ua ib qho elastomer zoo heev, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam downstream, uas siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom siv kis las, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam. Hauv qab no yog ob peb qhov piv txwv.

① Cov khoom siv khau

TPU feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv khau vim nws qhov elasticity zoo heev thiab tiv taus kev hnav. Cov khoom khau uas muaj TPU yooj yim hnav dua li cov khoom khau ib txwm muaj, yog li lawv siv dav dua hauv cov khoom khau siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov khau kis las thiab khau yooj yim.

② Cov kav dej

Vim nws qhov mos mos, lub zog tensile zoo, lub zog cuam tshuam, thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab qis, TPU hoses siv dav hauv Suav teb ua cov roj thiab roj hoses rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab xws li dav hlau, tank, tsheb, maus taus, thiab cov cuab yeej tshuab.

③ Cable

TPU muab kev tiv thaiv kev tsim kua muag, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, thiab cov yam ntxwv khoov, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kub siab thiab qis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cable. Yog li hauv kev ua lag luam Suav teb, cov cables siab heev xws li cov cables tswj thiab cov cables fais fab siv TPUs los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv txheej ntawm cov qauv cable nyuaj, thiab lawv cov ntawv thov tau dhau los ua qhov dav dua.

④ Cov khoom siv kho mob

TPU yog ib qho khoom siv hloov PVC uas muaj kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov thiab zoo, uas yuav tsis muaj Phthalate thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab yuav mus rau hauv cov ntshav lossis lwm yam kua hauv lub raj xa dej lossis lub hnab kho mob kom ua rau muaj kev phiv. Ntxiv mus, qib extrusion tshwj xeeb thiab qib txhaj tshuaj TPU tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim nrog me ntsis kev debugging hauv cov khoom siv PVC uas twb muaj lawm.

⑤ Tsheb thiab lwm yam kev thauj mus los

Los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab txheej ob sab ntawm nylon ntaub nrog polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, inflatable combat attack rafts thiab reconnaissance rafts nqa 3-15 tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog kev ua tau zoo dua li vulcanized roj hmab inflatable rafts; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer txhawb nqa nrog iav fiber tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv lub cev xws li cov khoom pwm ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsheb nws tus kheej, qhov rooj tawv nqaij, bumpers, anti friction strips, thiab grilles.