Dab tsi yog Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Dab tsi yog Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Polyurethane elastomer yog ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws polyurethane (lwm yam xa mus rau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, polyurethane nplaum, polyurethane txheej thiab polyurethane fiber ntau), thiab Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog ib qho ntawm peb hom polyurethane elastomer, Tib neeg feem ntau xa mus rau nws li TPU ( Lwm ob hom loj ntawm polyurethane elastomers yog cam khwb cia polyurethane elastomers, abbreviated li CPU, thiab mixed polyurethane elastomers, abbreviated li MPU).

TPU yog ib hom polyurethane elastomer uas tuaj yeem ua yas los ntawm cua sov thiab yaj los ntawm hnyav. Piv nrog CPU thiab MPU, TPU muaj me me lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg sib txuas hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj. Nws cov saw molecular yog qhov pib linear, tab sis muaj qee qhov ntawm lub cev sib txuas. Qhov no yog Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv.

Cov qauv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yog ib qho (AB) block linear polymer. A sawv cev rau polyol (ester los yog polyether, molecular hnyav ntawm 1000 ~ 6000) nrog siab molecular hnyav, hu ua ntev saw; B sawv cev rau lub diol uas muaj 2-12 ncaj saw carbon atoms, hu ua cov saw luv.

Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ntu A yog hu ua mos ntu, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm saj zawg zog thiab softness, ua TPU muaj extensibility; Cov saw hlau urethane tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm B ntu thiab isocyanate yog hu ua ntu nyuaj, uas muaj ob qho tib si nruj thiab tawv. Los ntawm kev kho qhov piv ntawm A thiab B ntu, TPU cov khoom uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.

Raws li cov qauv muag muag, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom polyester, polyether type, thiab butadiene type, uas feem ntau muaj ester pawg, ether pawg, lossis butene pawg. Raws li cov txheej txheem nyuaj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom urethane thiab urethane urea hom, uas feem ntau tau los ntawm ethylene glycol chain extenders lossis diamine chain extenders. Kev faib ua feem yog muab faib ua hom polyester thiab polyether hom.

Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv raw rau TPU synthesis?

(1) Polymer Diol

Macromolecular diol nrog ib qho hnyav molecular li ntawm 500 txog 4000 thiab cov pab pawg bifunctional, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 50% mus rau 80% hauv TPU elastomer, plays lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm TPU.

Lub polymer Diol haum rau TPU elastomer tuaj yeem muab faib ua polyester thiab polyether: polyester muaj xws li polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers muaj xws li polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), thiab lwm yam.

(2) Diisocyanate

Qhov hnyav molecular yog me me tab sis muaj nuj nqi yog qhov zoo heev, uas tsis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntu mos thiab ntu nyuaj, tab sis kuj ua rau TPU nrog ntau yam zoo ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov diisocyanates siv tau rau TPU yog: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (NDI), PXDI), thiab lwm yam.

(3) Chain extender

Cov saw txuas nrog lub luj molecular ntawm 100 ~ 350, teej tug mus rau me me molecular Diol, me me molecular yuag, qhib saw qauv thiab tsis muaj pab pawg neeg hloov yog conducive kom tau siab hardness thiab siab scalar hnyav ntawm TPU. Cov saw txuas ntxiv tsim nyog rau TPU suav nrog 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), thiab lwm yam.

Kev hloov kho daim ntawv thov ntawm TPU ua tus neeg sawv cev Toughening

Txhawm rau txo cov nqi khoom lag luam thiab tau txais kev ua tau zoo ntxiv, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv tawv tawv kom tawv ntau yam thermoplastic thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab.

Vim nws cov polarity siab, polyurethane tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov polar resins lossis roj hmab, xws li chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom kho mob; Kev sib xyaw nrog ABS tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv thermoplastics rau kev siv; Thaum siv ua ke nrog polycarbonate (PC), nws muaj cov khoom xws li roj tsis kam, roj tsis kam, thiab kev cuam tshuam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua lub cev tsheb; Thaum ua ke nrog polyester, nws toughness tuaj yeem txhim kho; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog PVC, Polyoxymethylene lossis PVDC; Polyester polyurethane tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog 15% Nitrile roj hmab lossis 40% nitrile roj hmab / PVC sib xyaw; Polyether polyurethane kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog 40% nitrile roj hmab / polyvinyl chloride blend nplaum; Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov kev sib txuas sib txuas (IPN) cov qauv nrog cov polysiloxanes reactive. Feem ntau ntawm cov saum toj no-hais blended adhesives twb tau officially tsim.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv ntawm POM los ntawm TPU hauv Suav teb. Kev sib xyaw ntawm TPU thiab POM tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm TPU, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau POM zoo heev. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias hauv kev ntsuam xyuas tensile pob txha, piv rau POM matrix, POM alloy nrog TPU tau hloov los ntawm cov pob txha tawg mus rau cov pob txha tawg. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm TPU kuj tso cai rau POM nrog cov duab nco ua haujlwm. Lub crystalline cheeb tsam ntawm POM ua hauj lwm raws li lub taag theem ntawm cov duab nco alloy, thaum lub amorphous cheeb tsam ntawm amorphous TPU thiab POM ua hauj lwm raws li lub reversible theem. Thaum cov lus teb rov qab yog 165 ℃ thiab lub sijhawm rov qab yog 120 vib nas this, tus nqi rov qab ntawm cov hlau mus txog 95%, thiab cov nyhuv rov qab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

TPU tsis yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv tsis yog-polar polymer xws li polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene roj hmab, butadiene roj hmab, isoprene roj hmab lossis cov hmoov roj hmab khib nyiab, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kho saum npoo av xws li ntshav, corona, ntub chemistry, primer, nplaim taws lossis roj reactive feem ntau siv rau tom kawg. Piv txwv li, American Air Products thiab Chemicals Company tau ua tiav F2 / O2 active gas deg kev kho mob ntawm ultra-high molecular hnyav polyethylene hmoov zoo nrog ib tug molecular hnyav ntawm 3-5 lab, thiab ntxiv rau polyurethane elastomer ntawm ib tug ratio ntawm 10. %, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov Flexural modulus, tensile zog thiab hnav tsis kam. Thiab F2 / O2 active gas deg kho kuj tuaj yeem siv rau cov kev taw qhia elongated luv fibers nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6-35mm, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv thiab tsim kua muag ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.

Dab tsi yog qhov chaw thov ntawm TPU?

Xyoo 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (tam sim no renamed Lubrizol) tau sau npe TPU hom Estane thawj zaug. Tshaj li 40 xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau tshaj 20 lub npe lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, thiab txhua lub npe muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam. Tam sim no, lub ntsiab TPU raw khoom manufacturers nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, thiab lwm yam.

Raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws elastomer, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv qab, uas tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam. Hauv qab no yog ob peb yam piv txwv.

① Cov ntaub ntawv khau

TPU feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv khau vim nws zoo heev elasticity thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov khau khau uas muaj TPU yog qhov nyiam hnav ntau dua li cov khoom khau ib txwm muaj, yog li lawv tau siv ntau dua hauv cov khoom khau siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov khau kis las thiab khau xws li khau.

② Hoses

Vim nws qhov softness, zoo tensile zog, muaj zog muaj zog, thiab tsis kam mus rau siab thiab tsis kub, TPU hoses yog dav siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj raws li cov roj thiab roj hoses rau txhua yam khoom xws li aircraft, tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb, maus taus, thiab tshuab cuab yeej.

③ Cable

TPU muab kua muag tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, thiab khoov cov yam ntxwv, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam ua tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm cable. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Suav lag luam, advanced cables xws li tswj cables thiab fais fab cables siv TPUs los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv txheej ntawm complex cable designs, thiab lawv cov kev siv tau nce zuj zus.

④ Cov khoom siv kho mob

TPU yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov thiab zoo PVC hloov khoom siv, uas yuav tsis muaj Phthalate thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab yuav tsiv mus rau cov ntshav los yog lwm yam kua hauv cov tshuaj catheter lossis lub hnab kho mob ua rau muaj kev phiv. Ntxiv mus, qhov tshwj xeeb tsim extrusion qib thiab txhaj tshuaj TPU tau yooj yim siv nrog me ntsis debugging hauv cov khoom siv PVC uas twb muaj lawm.

⑤ Tsheb thiab lwm yam kev thauj mus los

Los ntawm extruding thiab txheej ob sab ntawm nylon ntaub nrog polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, inflatable combat attack rafts thiab reconnaissance rafts nqa 3-15 tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog kev ua tau zoo dua li vulcanized roj hmab inflatable rafts; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer txhawb nqa nrog iav fiber ntau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv lub cev xws li molded qhov chaw ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsheb nws tus kheej, lub qhov rooj tawv nqaij, lub pob tw, kev sib txhuam, thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.