1. Dab tsi yog apolymerua kev pab? Nws muaj nuj nqi yog dab tsi?
Teb: Ntxiv muaj ntau yam kev ua tshuaj lom uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qee yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam hauv kev tsim khoom lossis kev ua tiav los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua resins thiab raw roj hmab rau hauv cov yas thiab cov khoom lag luam roj hmab, muaj ntau yam kev pab tshuaj yog xav tau.
Muaj nuj nqi: ① txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov polymers, ua kom zoo ua cov txheej txheem, thiab xa ua tau zoo; ② txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam, txhim kho lawv tus nqi thiab lub neej.
2.What yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov quav ntxiv thiab cov polymers? Dab tsi yog lub ntsiab ntawm txau thiab tawm hws?
Cov lus teb: Tshuaj tsuag polymerization - nag lossis daus ntawm cov khoom muaj nyias; Tawm hws - cov nag lossis daus ntawm cov kua ua kua.
Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov quav ntxiv thiab cov polymers hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab cov polymers kom tau sib xyaw ua ke ntev ntev yam tsis tau sib cais thiab dej nag;
3.Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas ua haujlwm?
Teb: Tsis muaj neeg ua txhaum txoj hlua thib ob ntawm polymer lwg me me, ua kom muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thiab txo lawv cov crystallinity.
4.Yog polystyrene muaj cov oxidation zoo dua li polypropylene?
Teb: Qhov tsis ruaj khov h yog hloov los ntawm pawg pheny av loj PP muaj cov tertiary hydrogen thiab ib txwm muaj rau kev laus.
5.Qhov dab tsi yog vim li cas rau PVC lub cua sov tsis ruaj khov?
Teb: ① cov molecular saw qauv muaj cov pib nyob sab nraud thiab allyl chloride, uas qhib cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Cov pab pawg kawg ob npaug kev sib raug zoo ua kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov; Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa oxygen ua kom nrawm ntawm HCL thaum lub sijhawm thermal degradation ntawm PVC; HLL ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj cov nyhuv catalytic ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm PVC; Resple ntawm kev siv roj hmab ntxiv.
6. Raws li cov lus tshawb nrhiav tam sim no, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cua sov stabilizers?
Teb: ① nqus thiab neutralize hcl, inhibit nws tsis siv neeg catalytic nyhuv; ② Hloov cov tshuaj matlyl chloride atoms hauv PVC molecules kom inhibit extraction ntawm HCL; ③ Ntxiv cov tshuaj nrog cov qauv polyene cuam tshuam kev tsim cov tshuab loj loj thiab txo cov xim av; ④ Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Dawb radicals thiab tiv thaiv oxidation cov tshuaj; ⑤ Notionation lossis passivation ntawm hlau ions lossis lwm cov tshuaj uas muaj teeb meem uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj; Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv, thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
7.Vim yog ultraviolet hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws rau cov polymers?
Teb: ultraviolet vuag yog ntev thiab muaj zog, rhuav feem ntau polymer tshuaj.
8. Dab tsi ntawm synero lub cev puas inumescent nplaim retardant muaj rau, thiab nws yog dab tsi yog nws?
Teb: inumescent nplaim retardants yog rau phosphorus nitrogen synergistic system.
Mechanism: Thaum cov polymer muaj cov nplaim taws rhuab, ib txheej sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tsim ntawm nws cov nplaim. Cov txheej muaj cov nplaim hluavtaws zoo dua vim nws cov rwb thaiv tsev tshav kub, kev cais tawm oxygen, pa luam yeeb.
9. Dab tsi yog cov pa oxygen qhia, thiab dab tsi yog kev sib txheeb ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab nplaim hluav taws xob rov qab?
Teb: OI = O2 / (O2 N2) x 100%, qhov twg O2 yog tus nqi ntws oxygen; N2: nitrogen ntws. Cov Oxygen Qhov ntsuas yog hais txog feem pua tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov pa uas yuav tsum muaj pa hluav taws xob thaum muaj qee yam qauv tuaj yeem hlawv tsis tu ncua thiab khov kho zoo li tswm ciab. OI <21 yog taws, Oi yog 22-25 nrog tus kheej tua hluav taws xob, 26-27 yog qhov nyuaj rau qhov chaw nres, thiab siab dua 28 yog qhov nyuaj heev rau qhov chaw nres.
10.How tus txiv neej npau suav ntawm cov nplaim taws uas muaj cov nplaim hluav taws xob ua kom cov pa hluav taws xob?
Teb: SB2O3 feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuaj pleev kom zoo nkauj, thaum cov organic cog siv tau siv rau hauv av. SB2O3 / TSHUAB siv nrog cov khoom siv tsis zoo yog vim nws sib cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen halide tso tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.
Thiab cov khoom yog thermally decomposed rau hauv sbcl3, uas yog volatile roj nrog lub boiling qis. Cov roj no muaj qhov siab txheeb ze thiab tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj chaw sib txuas rau lub sijhawm ntev kom muaj roj av, cais tawm huab cua, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev thaiv txoj kab ofefins; Thib ob, nws tuaj yeem ntes cov kev sib txuas ua ke dawb radicals mus rau suppress nplaim taws. Ib qho ntxiv, sbclC_ condenses rau hauv droplet zoo li cov khoom uas cov nplaim taws uas muaj ntau ntawm cov cua sov, qeeb lossis nres cov kev sib txuas nrawm. Feem ntau hais lus, ib feem ntawm 3: 1 yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov chlorine mus rau hlau atoms.
11. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, ua dab tsi ntawm kev ua ntawm nplaim retardants?
Teb: ① Cov Khoom Decomposition ntawm nplaim retardants ntawm cov cua kub thiab tsis muaj oxidizing iav nyias nyias, uas tuaj yeem cais cov cua sib xyaw lossis muaj tsawg thermal conductivity.
② nplaim nplaim retroots seedgan decomposition kom tsim cov roj uas tsis sib xws, ua rau cov pa roj teeb sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa taws hauv thaj chaw sib txuas; ③ Qhov kev sib cais thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm nplaim taws retardants nqus kub thiab haus cua sov;
④ nplaim nplaim retardants txhawb kev tsim cov txheej txheem cua sov txheej ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov plastics, tiv thaiv kev dav dav thiab kev sib txuas ntxiv.
12.Why yog cov yas tau zoo rau lub zog hluav taws xob thaum siv lossis siv?
Teb: Vim yog qhov tseeb tias cov molecular chains ntawm lub ntsiab polymer feem ntau yog tsim ntawm kev sib txuas lus, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ionize lossis hloov hluav taws xob. Thaum lub sijhawm ua thiab siv nws cov khoom lag luam, thaum nws los ua kev sib cuag thiab kev sib txhuam nrog lwm cov khoom lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab nws tsis yooj yim kom ploj ntawm kev sib haum xeeb.
13. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tawm tsam?
Teb: Ryx R: Oleophilic Group, Y: Literer Group, X: Hydrophilic Group. Hauv lawv cov lwg me me, yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug uas tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov pab pawg tsis yog hydrophilic thiab lawv yuav tsum muaj qee yam sib xws nrog cov khoom siv polymer. Alkyl pawg saum toj kawg C12 yog cov pab pawg ooleophilic, thaum hydoxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic acid, thiab ether cov pab pawg yog cov pab pawg hydrophilic raug.
14. Piav qhia luv luv txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo li qub.
Teb: Firstly, anti-zoo li qub cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv rau ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau tso tawm ntawm cov khoom qub rau kev ua kom tiav, txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam; Qhov thib ob yog kom tau txais cov khoom ua ntej nrog qee yam degree ntawm lubrication, txo cov coefficient, thiab li no txo thiab txo qis ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov nqi dab qhuas.
① Sab nraud cov neeg sawv cev sab nraud yog feem ntau siv raws li cov kuab tshuaj lossis dispersants nrog dej, haus dej, lossis lwm cov kuab tshuaj organic. Thaum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub rau cov ntaub ntawv impregnate, yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv tawm ntawm cov khoom, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
② Sab Hauv Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Zoo Qub yog sib xyaw rau hauv cov polymer matrix thaum ua cov yas ntawm cov polymer mus ua si lub luag haujlwm los tiv thaiv;
③ polymer blended anti-zoo li tus neeg sawv cev hydrophilic polymers rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus uas coj ua thiab tso cov nqi zoo li qub.
15.Qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm roj hmab tom qab vulcanization?
Teb: ① Cov roj hmab vulcanized tau hloov los ntawm cov qauv kab mus rau cov qauv sib tw ntawm peb-seem; ② cua sov tsis muaj ntws; ③ Tsis yog soluble nyob rau hauv nws cov kuab tshuaj zoo; ④ Txhim kho Modulus thiab Hardness; ⑤ Txhim kho cov khoom siv mechanical; ⑥ Txhim kho cov laus tsis kam thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov; Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nruab nrab yuav tsawg.
16. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiv leejpurrur sulfide thiab leej faj tus pub sulfide?
Teb: ① Sulfur Vulcanization: Ntau tus Sulphur Bonds, tshav kub kuj, tsis zoo kev tiv thaiv, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv loj heev; ② Sulphur pub nyiaj: Ntau tus tib neeg Sulphur, cov cua sov zoo thiab kev laus tsis kam.
17. Tus neeg ua kom muaj kev ua kom muaj kev ua kom muaj kev ua kom tus neeg lim dej twg?
Teb: Txhim kho cov khoom siv roj hmab ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom roj hmab, txo tus nqi, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txhawb kom vulcanization. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom luv luv lub sijhawm vulcanization, txo qis vulcanization kub, txo cov nqi ntawm cov neeg tsis huv, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab roj hmab.
18. Hlawv qhov tshwm sim: yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm vulcanization thaum ntxov ntawm cov roj hmab cov ntaub ntawv thaum ua.
19. Piav qhia luv luv txog kev ua haujlwm thiab ntau yam ntawm vulcanizing cov neeg sawv cev
Teb: Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov activator yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm tus tsuj roj, txo cov tshuaj ntawm tus tsuj roj, thiab ua kom luv luv lub sij hawm pulcanization.
Tus neeg saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm: cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nce cov kev ua kom muaj cov organic accelerators, uas tsis tau siv cov txiaj ntsig kev ua kom nrawm dua lossis ua kom lub sijhawm ua kom ntev. Cov neeg sawv cev nquag feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: Cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov organic nquag. Inorganic surfactants tsuas yog suav nrog cov hlau oxides, hydroxides, thiab cov pa roj carbonates; Organic Surfactants tsuas yog suav nrog cov roj ntsha, amines, soaps, polyols, thiab dej cawv. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov activator mus rau cov roj hmab ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho nws txoj kev ua kom huv.
1) Inorganic cov dej num nquag: feem ntau yog hlau oxides;
2) Cov organic nquag sawv cev: feem ntau fatty acids.
XIM: ① ZNO tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hlau oxide vulcanizing tus neeg sawv cev los hla cov roj hmab halogenated halogenated roj hmab; ZNOM ZOM ZOM tuaj yeem txhim kho lub tshav kub ua rau ntawm cov roj hmab vulcanized.
20.What yog qhov kev ua kom muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab cov nrawm nrawm muaj cov teebmeem zoo?
Teb: Hauv qab lub vulcanization kub, nws yuav tsis ua rau thaum ntxov vulcanization. Thaum lub qhov kev ua kom huv yog mus txog, qhov kev ua phem ua haujlwm yog qhov siab, thiab cov cuab yeej no yog hu ua cov ntawv nthuav dav ntawm tus tsuj roj. Sulfonamides muaj cov teebmeem zoo.
21. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lubricants thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lubricants sab hauv thiab sab nraud?
Teb: Cov roj nplua nyeem - ib qho kev ntxiv uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kom muaj cov khoom sib txhuam, ua kom tau cov khoom siv hlau ua kom zoo, thiab tswj cov khoom siv tau kho tau zoo, yog hu ua cov roj nplua nyeem.
Cov roj nplua nyeem sab nraud tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog yas ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj yas thiab hlau ua tiav cov hom phiaj yooj yim tshaj plaws yam tsis ua rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov plastics. Sab hauv cov roj nplua nyeem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm polymers, nce cov nqi sib dhos thiab txo cov khib nyiab ntawm cov plastics, txo qis melt viscosity, thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lubricants sab hauv thiab sab nrauv lubricants xav tau kev sib zog ua zoo nrog cov kev sib txhuam, txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov molecular chains, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txaus; Thiab lubricous sab nraud yuav tsum muaj qee qib ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers kom txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov polymers thiab cov chaw.
22. Dab tsi yog qhov xwm txheej uas txiav txim siab qhov ntau ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov nyhuv ntawm cov lim dej?
Teb: Qhov ntau ntawm cov nyhuv uas tau txhawb nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov yas thiab faib cov qauv chaw, thiab kev sib cav sib ceg thiab dispersion ntawm cov hais hauv cov polymers. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab cov kev sib tw ntawm lub cev lossis cov kev sib tw ntawm cov pob zeb polymer, uas suav nrog cov ntaub pua av, uas suav nrog cov ntaub pua npab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub pua av hauv lub interface txheej.
23. Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm kev siv kom txhawb plastics?
Teb: ① Lub zog ntawm txoj kev txhawb nqa tus neeg sawv cev raug xaiv los ua kom tau raws li cov cai; ② Lub zog ntawm cov polymers yooj yim tuaj yeem ntsib los ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov polymers; ③ Cov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuab yas thiab cov polymers yooj yim; ④ Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv.
24. Dab tsi yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov coupling, nws cov qauv molecular, thiab ib qho piv txwv los qhia cov tshuab ntawm kev nqis tes ua.
Teb: Cov neeg ua ke sib txuas ua ke xa mus rau ib hom khoom uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas lus ntawm cov sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer.
Muaj ob hom pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv nws cov qauv molecular: ib qho tuaj yeem yauv ua cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov polymer matrix lossis tsawg kawg muaj kev sib raug zoo; Lwm hom tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tub sau ua ke. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua kom sib luag, cov lus siv dav dav, xws li Vinyl Chaloroprop, epoxy, metacyl, amino, thiab thiol pawg. X yog ib pab pawg alkoxy uas tuaj yeem yog hydrolyzed, xws li meTHEXY, kev coj ua, thiab lwm yam.
25. Dab tsi yog tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj?
Lus Teb: Foaming tus neeg sawv cev yog hom khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv microporous ntawm roj hmab lossis yas hauv cov kua lossis lub xeev yas nyob rau hauv cov viscosity ntau.
Tus neeg sawv cev cev nqaij daim tawv: Ib hom kev sib txuas ua ke uas ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj los ntawm kev nkag siab rau ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ua npuas ncauj;
Tshuaj lom neeg ua npuas ncauj tus neeg sawv cev: Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav thromplely decompose kom tsim ib lossis ntau lub roj, ua rau lub polymer ua npuas.
26. Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm inorganic chemistry thiab cov organic chemistry hauv kev rhuav tshem cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj?
Teb: Qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov organic foaming: ① Zoo dispersibility nyob rau hauv cov polymers; ② Cov kev txiav txim siab daws teeb meem kub yog nqaim thiab yooj yim tswj; Cov khoom siv N2 hlawv tsis hlawv, tawg, liquefy yooj yim, thiab tsis yooj yim khiav ntawm cov npaus, ua rau tus nqi siab; ④ cov me me ua rau muaj cov nplaim taws me me; Muaj ntau yam ntau yam; ⑥ Tom qab ua npuas ncauj, muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob, qee zaum nce li 70% -85%. Cov seem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw, paug cov khoom siv roj polymer, lossis tsim cov nplaim hluav taws kub ua; ⑦ Thaum lub sijhawm kev txiav txim siab, nws yog feem ntau yog explothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim siab kub ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej siab, qee zaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub cev, qee zaum yuav tsum tau them rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thaum lub sijhawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thaum siv thiab siv.
27. Dab tsi yog xim xim masterbatch?
Teb: Nws yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib xws rau cov xim lossis tuag rau hauv ib lub resin; Cov Cheebtsam yooj yim: Pigments lossis dyes, cov nqa khoom, cov neeg nqa khoom, cov quav, ntxiv; Muaj nuj nqi: ① muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tswj cov tshuaj ruaj khov thiab xim ruaj khov ntawm pigments; ② Txhim kho qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov pigments hauv cov yas; ③ Tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ua haujlwm; ④ Cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab kev hloov xim yooj yim; ⑤ Ib puag ncig huv si thiab tsis paug cov tais diav; ⑥ Txuag lub sijhawm thiab cov khoom siv raw.
28. Kem lub hwj chim xa mus rau li cas?
Teb: Nws yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov xim cuam tshuam rau cov xim ntawm tag nrho cov sib xyaw nrog lawv tus kheej xim; Thaum cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov khoom siv yas, lawv cov hluav taws xob npog hais txog lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv lub teeb los ntawm cov khoom.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Apr-11-2024